This section provides metadata for the data reported for this indicator at the national level and at the global level.
- Goal
Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
- Target
Target 2.3: By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment
- Indicator
Indicator 2.3.1: Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size
- Series
Productivity of small-scale food producers (agricultural output per labour day, PPP) (constant 2011 international $) (primary series)
Productivity of large-scale food producers (agricultural output per labour day, PPP) (constant 2011 international $) (complementary series)
- Related indicators
SDG indicator 2.3.2
- Custodian agencies
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Field | National | Global |
---|---|---|
Organisation | Not available for this indicator |
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) |
Contact organisation unit | Not available for this indicator |
Not available for this indicator |
Contact email address | Not available for this indicator |
Not available for this indicator |
Field | National | Global |
---|---|---|
Definition and concepts | Not available for this indicator |
Definition: Volume of agricultural production of small-scale food producer in crop, livestock, fisheries, and forestry activities per number of days worked. The indicator is computed as a ratio of annual output to the number of working days in one year. As the indicator is referred to a set of production units – those of a small scale — the denominator needs to summarize information on the entire production undertaken in each unit. This requires that volumes of production are reported in a common numeraire, given that it is impossible to sum up physical units. The most convenient numeraire for aggregating products in the numerator is a vector of constant prices. When measured at different points in time, as required by the monitoring of the SDG indicators, changes in constant values represent aggregated volume changes. FAO proposes to define small-scale food producers as producers who:
Concepts:
|
Unit of measure | Not available for this indicator |
Constant PPP USD 2011. |
Classifications | Not available for this indicator |
Not applicable |
Field | National | Global |
---|---|---|
Data sources | Not available for this indicator |
Given that indicator 2.3.1 is measured on a target population of producers – those considered as small-scale – the ideal data source for measuring it is a single survey that collects all the information required with reference to individual production units. The most appropriate data source for collecting information on total value of agricultural production and on labour input adopted on the agricultural holding would be agricultural surveys. Other possibilities to be explored in absence of an agricultural surveys are:
|
Data collection method | Not available for this indicator |
The target population of indicator 2.3.1. are small-scale producers for which the best data sources are agricultural surveys. These contain information on agricultural production, economic variables and labour input. However, agricultural surveys are not conducted in a systematic way, so they may be scattered in long time periods. FAO promotes the Agricultural Integrated Surveys (AGRIS) which collects data in a yearly basis for different modules, e.g. agricultural production. Currently, the indicator is produced mainly using the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) of the World Bank. Some countries contain an Integrated Surveys of Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). These surveys include information such as farm size, disaggregation by geographic areas, type of activities and type of households, values of output, values of production costs and number of work hours in different activities. Such surveys have data relevant to the computation of the indicators. FAO, along with the World Bank and IFAD are compiling harmonized indicators of rural livelihoods with information on micro-level household data the LSMS surveys and other household surveys publicly available in the initiative called RuLIS (Rural Livelihoods Information System) which includes the indicators disaggregated by gender, rural areas, urban areas, income quintiles and income percentage that comes from agriculture. Some of the datasets utilized to do the computation of the indicator 2.3.1. can be seen in Annex 1 of the document “Methodology for Computing and Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goal Indicators 2.3.1 and 2.3.2.” available in http://www.fao.org/3/ca3043en/CA3043EN.pdf and Annex 1 of the document “Rural Livelihoods Information System (RuLIS). Technical notes on concepts and definitions used for the indicators derived from household surveys” available in http://www.fao.org/3/ca2813en/CA2813EN.pdf. |
Data collection calendar | Not available for this indicator |
The data collection calendar depends on the frequency of surveys required to compute the indicators. FAO is engaging with countries to include the questions needed to measure the indicator into their existing national surveys, i.e., household-based surveys, agricultural surveys and censuses through capacity development activities at national/ regional levels and provision of technical assistance needed to compute the indicator. |
Data release calendar | Not available for this indicator |
The data release depends highly on the frequency of surveys required to compute the indicators. |
Data providers | Not available for this indicator |
National Statistical Offices or other institutions involved in agricultural surveys, such as dedicated statistics offices of the Ministry of Agriculture. |
Data compilers | Not available for this indicator |
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) |
Institutional mandate | Not available for this indicator |
Article I of the FAO constitution requires that the Organization collect, analyses, interpret and disseminate information relating to nutrition, food and agriculture. http://www.fao.org/3/K8024E/K8024E.pdf. |
Field | National | Global |
---|---|---|
Rationale | Not available for this indicator |
The 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda has emphasized the importance of enhancing productivity of small-scale food producers, as these producers play an important role in the global production of food. The indicator monitors progress in this area, where the target is to double productivity by year 2030. The enhancement of labour productivity in small-scale production units also has implications on poverty reduction, as small-scale food producers are often poor, and are frequently found to be close to subsistence conditions. |
Comments and limitations | Not available for this indicator |
Given the approved methodology, the computation of the indicator requires survey microdata collected at the farm level on a wide range of variables – including all elements that allow computing revenues and costs of the enterprise, together with labour input and the availability of land and livestock – referred to the same production unit. Such type of surveys are seldom collected at the national level. For this reason, the availability of data for the indicator is altogether limited. In some countries, data can be obtained from household surveys reporting details on agricultural production. These data sources have to be considered as second-best solution, given that their sampling is focused on households and not on food production units. While in many countries there is a considerable degree of overlap between the population of food producers and households, this is still a partial overlap, which can undermine the accuracy of the computation. |
Method of computation | Not available for this indicator |
Computation Method: where: is the physical volume of agricultural product i sold by the small-scale food producer j during year t; is the constant sale price received by the small-scale food producer j for the agricultural product i during same year t; is the number of labour days utilized by the small-scale food producer j during year t; is the number of small-scale food producers. As the indicator is referred to a set of production units – those of a small scale — the denominator needs to summarize information on the entire production undertaken in each unit. This requires that volumes of production are reported in a common numeraire, given that it is impossible to sum up physical units. The most convenient numeraire for aggregating products in the numerator is a vector of constant prices. When measured at different points in time, as required by the monitoring of the SDG indicators, changes in constant values represent aggregated volume changes. |
Adjustments | Not available for this indicator |
The productivity of small-scale food producers per labor day in the dataset is in local currency units (LCU). For each country and year, the LCU labour value of production has to be converted into PPP 2011 USD. The process first consists on accounting for inflation in the currency, for which the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of each country is used; once deflated, it is converted into PPP 2011 USD, which allows for a homogenous standard of the indicator. SDG 2.3 not only focuses on small-scale farmers, but also on women and people with indigenous status. The indicator (which is at the household level) is then calculated disaggregated by sex of the household head or producer (depending on whether a household or an agricultural survey was used), that is, whether the household head or producer is female or male headed. |
Treatment of missing values (i) at country level and (ii) at regional level | Not available for this indicator |
Variables employed in the computation are subject to outlier detection, through Median Absolute Deviations and other approaches, on a case by case basis.
No imputation of data is made at the regional and global level. |
Regional aggregations | Not available for this indicator |
No regional or global aggregates can be computed, given the limited availability of data. |
Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level | Not available for this indicator |
Countries can rely on the methodology paper available at http://www.fao.org/3/ca3043en/ca3043en.pdf and the eLearning available at https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=483 . |
Quality management | Not available for this indicator |
Logical and arithmetic control of reporting data is carried out. |
Quality assurance | Not available for this indicator |
The microdata of surveys utilized in the computation are publicly available, hence their quality rests with the producers. The quality of the calculation was checked with a number of colleagues, and with two independent peer-reviewers of the RuLIS project. |
Quality assessment | Not available for this indicator |
Qualitative assessment has been performed on the final estimations of the indicator, which was updated this year and compared with 2019 results. PPP conversion factors are retrieved from the World Bank and are constantly updated, which results in a change of conversion factors and therefore a slight modification in the results on indicator 2.3.1. from 2019 to 2021. Some countries have data that needs to be assessed further, either checks on the raw data and/or the processing of data by the RuLIS team. |
National | Global |
---|---|
Not available for this indicator |
Data availability: Data is available for over 40 countries, including all 27 EU countries, 12 countries in Africa and two countries each in Asia and the Americas. Time series: A maximum of three data points is available for some countries. Disaggregation: Indicator 2.3.1 must be disaggregated by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size. The overall SDG Target 2.3 requires specific focus on women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers. For this reason, the indicator must be disaggregated by sex, type of enterprise and by community of reference. |
National | Global |
---|---|
Not available for this indicator |
Sources of discrepancies: Not applicable |
National | Global |
---|---|
Not available for this indicator |
|