This section provides metadata for the data reported for this indicator at the national level and at the global level.
- Goal
Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
- Target
Target 5.c: Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels
- Indicator
Indicator 5.c.1: Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment
- Series
- Related indicators
None
- Custodian agencies
UN Women in collaboration with OECD and UNDP
Field | National | Global |
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Organisation | Not available for this indicator |
UN Women in collaboration with OECD and UNDP |
Contact organisation unit | Not available for this indicator |
Not available for this indicator |
Contact email address | Not available for this indicator |
Not available for this indicator |
Field | National | Global |
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Definition and concepts | Not available for this indicator |
Definitions: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 5.c.1 seeks to measure government efforts to track budget allocations for gender equality throughout the public finance management cycle and to make these publicly available. This is an indicator of characteristics of the fiscal system. It is not an indicator of quantity or quality of finance allocated for gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE). The indicator measures three criteria. The first focuses on the intent of a government to address GEWE by identifying if it has programs/policies and resource allocations for GEWE. The second assesses if a government has planning and budget tools to track resources for GEWE throughout the public financial management cycle. The third focuses on transparency by identifying if a government has provisions to make allocations for GEWE publicly available. The indicator aims to encourage national governments to develop appropriate budget tracking and monitoring systems and commit to making information about allocations for gender equality readily available to the public. The system should be led by the Ministry of Finance in collaboration with the sectoral ministries and National Women’s Machineries and overseen by an appropriate body such as Parliament or Public Auditors. Concepts:To determine if a country has a system to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment, the following questionnaire is sent to its Ministry of Finance, or agency in charge of the government budget: Criterion 1. Which of the following aspects of public expenditure are reflected in your government programs and its resource allocations? (In the last completed fiscal year) Question 1.1. Are there policies and/or programs of the government designed to address well-identified gender equality goals, including those where gender equality is not the primary objective (such as public services, social protection and infrastructure) but incorporate action to close gender gaps? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 1.2. Do these policies and/or programs have adequate resources allocated within the budget, sufficient to meet both their general objectives and their gender equality goals? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 1.3. Are there procedures in place to ensure that these resources are executed according to the budget? (Yes=1/No=0) Criterion 2. To what extent does your Public Financial Management system promote gender-related or gender-responsive goals? (In the last completed fiscal year) Question 2.1. Does the Ministry of Finance/budget office issue call circulars, or other such directives, that provide specific guidance on gender-responsive budget allocations? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 2.2. Are key policies and programs, proposed for inclusion in the budget, subject to an ex ante gender impact assessment? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 2.3. Are sex-disaggregated statistics and data used across key policies and programs in a way which can inform budget-related policy decisions? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 2.4. Does the government provide, in the context of the budget, a clear statement of gender-related objectives (i.e. gender budget statement or gender responsive budget legislation)? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 2.5. Are budgetary allocations subject to “tagging” including by functional classifiers, to identify their linkage to gender-equality objectives? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 2.6. Are key policies and programs subject to ex post gender impact assessment? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 2.7. Is the budget as a whole subject to independent audit to assess the extent to which it promotes gender-responsive policies? (Yes=1/No=0) Criterion 3. Are allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment made public? (In the last completed fiscal year) Question 3.1. Is the data on gender equality allocations published? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 3.2. If published, has this data been published in an accessible manner on the Ministry of Finance (or office responsible for budget) website and/or related official bulletins or public notices? (Yes=1/No=0) Question 3.3. If so, has the data on gender equality allocations been published in a timely manner? (Yes=1/No=0) Concept Definitions:For Criterion 1:
For Criterion 2:
For Criterion 3:
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Unit of measure | Not available for this indicator |
Proportion of countries that have a system in place to track budget allocations to gender equality out of the total number of reporting countries |
Classifications | Not available for this indicator |
Not applicable |
Field | National | Global |
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Data sources | Not available for this indicator |
An electronic questionnaire composed of thirteen binary questions with accompanying monitoring guidance will be used to collect data on this indicator. |
Data collection method | Not available for this indicator |
Data collection is undertaken as part of the country-level monitoring of effective development cooperation where the Global Partnership monitoring framework provides a useful platform and mechanism. The Global Partnership monitoring is led by national coordinators appointed by their respective government to coordinate data collection and validation across relevant government ministries, departments and agencies. Where countries are not reporting through the Global Partnership, efforts are made to expand country coverage by reaching out to national coordinator/focal points directly or through custodian/co-custodian country offices. For this indicator, the national coordinator/focal point will liaise with the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Women and other relevant ministries to complete the questionnaire. UN Women country office focal points will be available for support. |
Data collection calendar | Not available for this indicator |
Data collected every 3 years |
Data release calendar | Not available for this indicator |
First quarter, every 3 years |
Data providers | Not available for this indicator |
Response to questionnaire completed by Ministries of Finance—as part of national statistical systems—or Budget Office in coordination with National Statistical Offices and relevant sectoral ministries and national women’s machineries. |
Data compilers | Not available for this indicator |
UN Women, with UNDP and the OECD. |
Institutional mandate | Not available for this indicator |
UN Women is committed through its work at the global, regional and county level to support Member States in filling critical gaps in generating and using data, statistics, evidence and analysis on gender equality. As part of its triple mandate, UN Women supports Member States in setting norms. UN Women also assists in implementing norms and standards through its country programmes. In addition, UN Women leads and coordinates the UN system’s work in support of gender equality and the empowerment of women. |
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Rationale | Not available for this indicator |
Adequate and effective financing is essential to achieve SDG 5 and the gender related targets across the SDG framework. By tracking and making public gender equality allocations, governments promote greater transparency which can support stronger accountability. The indicator encourages governments to put in place a system to track and make public resource allocations which can then inform policy review, better policy formulation and more effective public financial management. The principle of adequate financing for gender equality is rooted in the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action (para 345 and 346) adopted in 1995. However, the Secretary General’s report on the twenty-year review and appraisal of the Platform for Action found that underinvestment in gender equality and women’s empowerment has contributed to slow and uneven progress in all 12 critical areas of concern. Inadequate financing hinders the implementation of gender responsive laws and policies. Data shows that financing gaps are sometimes a high as 90% with critical shortfalls in infrastructure, productive and economic sectors. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Agenda commits to a “significant increase in investments to close the gender gap.” Ensuring requisite resources for gender equality is central to implementing and achieving SDG 5 and all gender targets across the framework. Tracking these allocations and making the data publicly available are important steps to assess progress towards meeting these goals. This has been reaffirmed at the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, where member states adopted the Addis Ababa Action Agenda which commits to track gender equality allocations and increase transparency on public spending.[8] Furthermore, the Commission on the Status of Women at its 60th session called upon states to support and institutionalize gender-responsive budgeting and tracking across all sectors of public expenditure to address gaps in resourcing for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Indicator 5.c.1 measures the proportion of governments with systems to track and make public resource allocations for gender equality. It builds on Indicator 8 of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation that has been piloted, tested and rolled out in 81 countries. Indicator 8 allowed, for the first time, the systematic collection of data on government efforts to track resource allocations for gender equality across countries. Indicator 5.c.1 is defined in almost identical terms to Indicator 8 of the GPEDC. In addition, Indicator 5.c.1 is the only indicator in the SDG monitoring framework that links national budgeting systems with implementation of legislation and policies for gender equality and women’s empowerment. The refined methodology for Indicator 5.c.1 is an improvement over the original methodology for Indicator 8. The increased specificity of the criteria provides a greater level of detail and therefore, captures the variability in countries’ gender equality policies and public financial management systems. The application of a tiered scoring approach with specific thresholds increases the indicator’s rigor and gives incentive to countries to improve these systems over time. Further, it is envisaged that the OECD Survey of Budget Practices and Procedures, conducted regularly among OECD countries, will be modified and updated to align closely with Indicator 5.c.1. This will allow greater global coverage by strengthening the indicator’s relevance to ministries of finance in OECD countries. 8 Addis Ababa Action Agenda paragraphs 30 and 53. ↑ |
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Comments and limitations | Not available for this indicator |
The indicator does not measure allocation of resources but the existence of mechanisms to track resource allocations and that make that information available publicly. However, there is an optional question in the questionnaire (not scored) that requests countries to report the percentage of the government budget allocated for gender equality programs. Another limitation is that the indicator, which is process oriented, does not provide data on the adequacy or quality of resource allocations. |
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Method of computation | Not available for this indicator |
Data is collected via a questionnaire comprising 13 binary (Yes/No) questions to assess whether a country has a system in place to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment. Scoring: Each criterion is weighted equally. A country would need to satisfy the threshold of “yes” responses per criterion. A country will be considered to satisfy each criterion as follows:
Countries then will be classified as ‘fully meets requirements’, ‘approaches requirements’, and ‘does not meet requirements’ per the following matrices (There are 8 possible combinations of criteria being satisfied, Cases A-G below):
Note: “Checked” boxes represent satisfied criteria; “unchecked” boxes represent unsatisfied criteria.
Note: “Checked” boxes represent satisfied criteria; “unchecked” boxes represent unsatisfied criteria.
Note: “Checked” boxes represent satisfied criteria; “unchecked” boxes represent unsatisfied criteria. Because the three criteria are equally important, a country would need to satisfy the three to fully meet requirements. The method of computation is as follows: Unit:% Disaggregation:
Where x refers to the region of analysis and y refers to the country classification based on the questionnaire. |
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Adjustments | Not available for this indicator |
Not applicable |
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Treatment of missing values (i) at country level and (ii) at regional level | Not available for this indicator |
• At country level Not Imputed • At regional and global levels Not Imputed |
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Regional aggregations | Not available for this indicator |
Global aggregates are weighted averages of all the sub-regions that make up the world. Regional aggregates are weighted averages of all the countries within the region. Country level data are updated on a periodic basis. Where data are not updated, the last reported year may be used for the global and/or regional aggregates. |
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Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level | Not available for this indicator |
Methodology used by countries for the compilation of the data at the national level: questionnaire with monitoring guidance that includes definitions and instructions. |
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Quality management | Not available for this indicator |
See 4.d on validation |
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Quality assurance | Not available for this indicator |
See 4.d on validation |
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Quality assessment | Not available for this indicator |
See 4.d on validation |
National | Global |
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Not available for this indicator |
Data availability: As identified in the pilot exercise for Indicator 5.c.1, the information that is collected through administering the questionnaire is readily available by Ministries of Finance and/or Budget Offices. Time series: First release of data was 2019 Disaggregation: Not applicable |
National | Global |
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Not available for this indicator |
Sources of discrepancies: Since data is reported by countries via a validated questionnaire, there should be no discrepancies. |
National | Global |
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Not available for this indicator |
Global Partnership for Effective Development Corporation: http://effectivecooperation.org Technical materials on how to incorporate gender equality in to public finance management systems: http://gender-financing.unwomen.org/en IMF research on gender responsive budgeting and tracking systems: https://www.imf.org/external/np/res/dfidimf/topic7.htm https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/wp16149.pdf Gender budgeting and tracking in OECD countries: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/wp16149.pdf https://www.oecd.org/gender/Gender-Budgeting-in-OECD-countries.pdf Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Program which provides guidance on assessment of public finance management systems can be found here: http://www.pefa.org/en |